- Apply for Authority
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN2287-8327
- E-ISSN2288-1220
- SCOPUS, KCI
ISSN : 2287-8327
Distribution and synchronized massive flowering of Sasa borealis in the forests of Korean National Parks
- Downloaded
- Viewed
Abstract
Background: Genus Sasa, dwarf bamboos, are considered to be species that lower biodiversity in the temperate forests of East Asia. Although they have a long interval, they, the monocarpic species, have a unique characteristic of large-scale synchronized flowering. Therefore, once they have flowered and then declined, it may be an opportunity for suppressed surrounding species. A previous study reported that Sasa borealis showed specialized flowering nationwide with a peak in 2015. However, this was based on data from a social network service and field survey at Mt. Jeombong. Therefore, we investigated S. borealis in the forests of five national parks in order to determine whether this rare synchronized flowering occurred nationwide, as well as its spatial distribution. Results: We found a total of 436 patches under the closed canopy of Quercus mongolica-dominated deciduous forests in the surveyed transects from the five national parks. Of these patches, 75% occupied a whole slope area, resulting in an enormous area. The patch area tended to be larger in the southern parks. Half (219 patches) of the patches flowered massively. Among them, 76% bloomed in 2015, which was consistent with the results of the previous report. The flowering rate varied from park to park with that of Mt. Seorak being the highest. The culms of the flowering patches were significantly taller (F = 93.640, p < 0.000) and thicker (F = 61.172, p < 0.000). Following the event, the culms of the flowering patches declined, providing a good opportunity for the suppressed plant species. The concurrent massive flowering of the mature patches was believed to be triggered by some stress such as a spring drought. Conclusion: We confirmed that the rare synchronized flowering of S. borealis occurred with a peak in 2015 nationwide. In addition, we explored that S. borealis not only monopolized an enormous area, but also dominated the floors of the late-successional Q. mongolica-dominated deciduous forests. This presents a major problem for Korean forests. As it declined simultaneously after flowering, there are both possibilities of forest regeneration or resettlement of S. borealis by massively produced seeds.
- keywords
- Dieback, Forest dynamics, Mass flowering, Semelparous reproduction, Simultaneous flowering
Reference
Abe M, Izaki J, Miguchi H, Masaki T, Makita A, Nakashizuka T. The effects of Sasa and canopy gap formation on tree regeneration in an old beech forest. J Veg Sci. 2002;13:565–74.
Abe M, Miguchi H, Nakashizuka T. An interactive effect of simultaneous death of dwarf bamboo, canopy gap, and predatory rodents on beech regeneration. Oecologia. 2001;127:281–6.
Abe Y, Shibata S. Spatial and temporal flowering patterns of the monocarpic dwarf bamboo Sasa veitchii var. hirsuta. Ecol Res. 2012;27:625–32.
Abe Y, Shibata S. Flower and seed production in a series of flowerings from sporadic events before to after mass flowering of the dwarf bamboo Sasa veitchii var. hirsuta. J For Res. 2014;19:268–75.
Cerny T, Dolezal J, Janecek S, Srutek M, Valachovic M, Petrik P, Altman J, Song JS. Environmental correlates of plant diversity in Korean temperate forests. Acta Oecol. 2013;47:37–45.
Cerny T, Kopecky M, Petrik P, Song JS, Srutek M, Valachovic M, Altman J, Dolezal J. Classification of Korean forests: patterns along geographic and environmental gradients. Appl Veg Sci. 2015;18:5–22.
Cheon K, Chun J, Yang H, Lim J, Shin J. Change of understory vegetation structure for 10 years in long-term ecological research site at Mt. Gyebang. J Korean Forest Soc. 2014;103:1–11.
Cho S, Lee B, Choung Y. Rare nationwide synchronized massive flowering and decline event of Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino in South Korea. J Plant Biol. 2017;60:423–30.
Cho S, Lee K, Choung Y. (2018). Distribution, abundance, and effect on plant species diversity of Sasa borealis in Korean forests. J Ecol Environ. 2018;42:72–6.
Franklin DC. Synchrony and asynchrony: observations and hypotheses for the flowering wave in a long-lived semelparous bamboo. J Biogeogr. 2004;31:773–86.
Harper JL. Population biology of plants. London: Academic Press; 1977.
Hong W, Hu XS, Wu CZ, Yan SJ, Feng L, Lin YM. Comparison study on community structure features of the mixed forest of Phyllostachys pubescences in Fujian Province. J Plant Resour Environ. 2004;13:37–42.
Ito H, Hino T. Dwarf bamboo as an ecological filter for forest regeneration. Ecol Res. 2007;22:706–11.
Janzen DH. Why bamboos wait so long to flower. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 1976;7:347–91.
Kaneko S, Franklin DC, Yamasaki N, Isagi Y. Development of microsatellite markers for Bambusa arnhemica (Poaceae: Bambuseae), a bamboo endemic to northern Australia. Conserv Genet. 2008;9:1311–3.
Korea Meteorological Agency. 2017. http://www.kma.go.kr. Accessed 31 Dec 2017.
Lee WT, Lim Y. Plant geography. Chuncheon: Kangwon National University Press;2002. (in Korean)
Liu S, Zhou GM, Bai SB. Light intensity changes on Cunninghamia lanceolata in mixed stands with different concentrations of Phyllostachys pubescens. J Zhejiang A & F Univ. 2011;28:550–4.
Lowrie AG. Effects of the late drought in the Chanda District. Indian Forester. 1900;26:504–6.
Makita A. Survivorship of a monocarpic bamboo grass, Sasa kurilensis, during the early regeneration process after mass flowering. Ecol Res. 1992;7:245–54.
Makita A. Population dynamics in the regeneration process of monocarpic dwarf bamboos, Sasa species. In: Cheplick GP, editor. Population biology of grasses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998. p. 313–32.
Mun J, Lee D. Drought status of multi-purpose dam using year 2014 and 2015water supply capacity index. J Korean Water Resour Assoc. 2015;48:51–7 (in Korean).
Nadgauda RS, Parasharami VA, Mascarenhas AF. Precocious flowering and seeding behaviour in tissue-cultured bamboos. Nature. 1990;344:335–6.
Nakashizuka T. Regeneration of beech (Fagus crenata) after the simultaneous death of undergrowing dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis). Ecol Res. 1988;3:21–35.
Nakashizuka T, Numata M. Regeneration process of climax beech forests: I. Structure of a beech forest with the undergrowth of Sasa. Japanese. J Ecol. 1982;32:57–67.
Narukawa Y, Yamamoto S. Effects of dwarf bamboo (Sasa sp.) and forest floor microsites on conifer seedling recruitment in a subalpine forest, Japan. For Ecol Manag. 2002;163:61–70.
Northeastern Asia Biodiversity Institute. Study for management system of Sasa quelpaertensis. Jeju: World Heritage Office; 2017.
Oshima Y. Ecological studies of Sasa communities. I Productive structure of some of the Sasa communities in Japan. Bot Mag Tokyo. 1961;74:199–210.
Park M, Jang S, Kim S. Analysis of 2015 drought in Korea using real-time drought index. J Korean Soc Hazard Mitig. 2015;15:451–8 (in Korean).
Park S, Choi S. Why does draft bamboo bloom once in a lifetime on a large scale and then die? Korean J Environ Ecol. 2017;31:564–77.
Park SG, Yi MH, Yoon JW, Sin HT. Environmental factors and growth properties of Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino community and effect its distribution on the development of lower vegetation in Jirisan National Park. Kor. J Env Eco. 2012;26:82–90 (in Korean).
Qian F, Zhang T, Guo Q, Tao J. Dense understory dwarf bamboo alters the retention of canopy tree seeds. Acta Oecol. 2016;73:38–44.
Qian H, Ricklefs RE. A comparison of the taxonomic richness of vascular plants in China and the United States. Am Nat. 1999;154:160–81.
Qian H, Ricklefs RE. Large-scale processes and the Asian bias in species diversity of temperate plants. Nature. 2000;407:180–2.
Shen R, Bai SB, Zhou GM, Wang YX, Wang N, Wen GS, Chen J. The response of root morphological plasticity to the expansion of a population of Phyllostachys edulis into a mixed needle-and broad-leaved forest. Acta Ecol Sin. 2016;36:326–34.
SPSS. IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 23.0. Armonk: IBM Corp; 2016.
Taylor AH, Zisheng Q. Regeneration patterns in old-growth Abies-Betula forests in the Wolong natural reserve, Sichuan, China. The Journal of Ecology. 1988;76:1204–18.
Wada N. Dwarf bamboos affect the regeneration of zoochorous trees by providing habitats to acorn-feeding rodents. Oecologia. 1993;94:403–7.
Yamamoto SI, Nishimura N, Matsui K. Natural disturbance and tree species coexistence in an old-growth beech-dwarf bamboo forest, southwestern Japan. J Veg Sci. 1995;6:875–86.
Yamazaki K, Nakagoshi N. Regeneration of Sasa kurilensis and tree invasion after sporadic flowering. Bamboo J. 2005;22:93–103.
Yang QP, Wang B, Guo QR, Zhao GD, Fang K, Liu YQ. Effects of Phyllostachys edulis expansion on carbon storage of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dagangshan Mountain, Jiangxi. Acta Agric Univ Jiangxiensis. 2011;33:529–36.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations