Clergeau, P., Jokimäki, J., & Savard, J. P. L. (2001). Are urban bird communities influenced by the bird diversity of adjacent landscapes? Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, 1122–1134.

Dunn, R. R. (2000). Isolated trees as foci of diversity in active and fallow fields. Biological Conservation, 95, 317–321.

Endo, K., & Hirano, T. (1990). Breeding records and nesting habitats of the Japanese lesser sparrowhawk accipiter gularis in residential area of Tochigi prefecture Honshu Japan. Japanese Journal Of Ornithology, 39(1), 35–39 (in Japanese).

Fischer, J., & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2002). The conservation value of paddock trees for birds in a variegated landscape in southern New South Wales. 2. Paddock trees as stepping stones. Biodiversity and Conservation, 11, 833–849.

Forestry Agency (2014) Annual Report on Forest and Forestry in Japan Fiscal Year 2014 (summary). The Forestry Agency Web. http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp/j/kikaku/hakusyo/26hakusyo/pdf/h26summary.pdf. Accessed 21 Sept 2016.

Fukuoka, K., Hirabuki, Y., & Araki, Y. (2002). Vegetation of isolated forests in the agro-ecosystem on Isawa Alluvial Fan, Iwate Prefecture. Proceedings Miyagi University Education, 5, 29–38 (in Japanese).

Garizou (1997) Yachoo! online bird guide ver.4.0. (in Japanese)

Gray, M. A., Baldauf, S. L., Mayhew, P. J., & Hill, J. K. (2007). The response of avian feeding guilds to tropical forest disturbance. Conservation Biology, 21, 133–141.

Hino, T. (2004). The forests of birds. Japan: Tokai University Press (in Japanese).

Hirabuki, Y., & Fukuda, A. (2006). Farmstead groves and traditional Lifestyle. 1. Development process of two environmental educational programs based on local area field trail results. Proceedings Miyagi University Education, 9, 59–66(in Japanese).

Iida, S., & Nakashizuka, T. (1995). Forest fragmentation and its effect on species diversity in sub-urban coppice forests in Japan. Forest Ecology and Management, 73(1), 197–210.

Imai, H., & Nakashizuka, T. (2010). Environmental factors affecting the composition and diversity of avian community in mid-to late breeding season in urban parks and green spaces. Landscape Urban Plann, 96, 183–194.

Ishida, K. (1987). The avian community in Lake Yamanaka around the Fuji forest of Tokyo university. Strix, 6, 66–79 (in Japanese).

Japanese Society for the Preservation of Birds. (2002). Bird 630 guide enlarged and (revisedth ed.). Japan: OKU Publishing Service (in Japanese).

Karasawa, K. (1978). Relationship between fruit-eating birds and seed dispersal in urban areas. Japan Journal of Ornithology, 27, 1–20.

Kéry, M., Royle, J. A., & Schmid, H. (2008). Importance of sampling design and analysis in animal population studies: a comment on Sergio et al. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, 981–986.

Koganezawa, T, Kitagawa,N, Kato Y (2002) Environmental education and Igune school. Proc Miyagi Univ Educ. 4, 29–36. (in Japanese).

Matsuda, M. (2008). Picture book of wild birds in Japan. Japan: Natsumesha (in Japanese).

Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Millenium Ecosystem Assassment. http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.aspx. Accessed 30 Nov 2010.

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (1991) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan. http://www.maff.go.jp/e/index.html. Accessed 25 Dec 2009 (in Japanese).

Miura, S. (1998). Homestead woodland developing with climate. Japan: Kahoku-Shinpo-sha (in Japanese).

Morioka, T., Kanouchi, T., Kawada, T., & Yamagata, N. (1995). The birds of prey in Japan. Japan: Bun-ichi Sogo Press (in Japanese).

Osawa, S., & Katsuno, T. (2001). The distribution of frogs on paddies locating different landforms in alluvial fan area. Journal of Rural Planning Associatoin, 19(4), 280–288 (in Japanese).

Sandström, U., Angelstam, P., & Mikusiński, G. (2006). Ecological diversity of birds in relation to the structure of urban green space. Landscape Urban Plann, 77, 39–53.

Savard, J.-P. L., Clergeau, P., & Mennechez, G. (2000). Biodiversity concepts and urban ecosystems. Landscape Urban Plann, 48, 131–142.

Sergio, F., Newton, I., Marchesi, L., & Pedrini, P. (2006). Ecologically justified charisma: preservation of top predators delivers biodiversity conservation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 1049–1055.

Sheffield, L. M., Crait, J. R., Edge, W. D., & Wang, G. (2001). Response of American kestrels and gray-tailed voles to vegetation height and supplemental perches. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 380–385.

Sieving, K. E., Contreras, T. A., Maute, K. L., & Grubb, T., Jr. (2004). Heterospecific facilitation of forest-boundary crossing by mobbing understory birds in north-central Florida. Auk, 121, 738–751.

Simberloff, D. (1998). Flagships, umbrellas, and keystones: is single-species management passé in the landscape era? Biological Conservation, 83, 247–257.

Suzuki, C., & Takenaka, M. (2009). Application of canonical correspondence analysis to soil microbial ecology. Soil Microorganisms, 63, 32–38 (in Japanese).

Takagawa, S., Ueta, M., Amano, T., Okahisa, Y., Kamioki, M., et al. (2011). JAVIA Database: a species-level database of life history, ecology and morphology of bird species in Japan. Bird Res, 7, R9–R12 (in Japanese).

Takano, S. (1986). Field guide wild birds of Japan. Japan: Wild Bird Society of Japan (in Japanese).

Takeuchi, K. (2003). Satoyama: the traditional rural landscape of Japan. Japan:Springer.

Ter Braak, C. J. (1986). Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology, 67, 1167–1179.

Uezu, A., Beyer, D. D., & Metzger, J. P. (2008). Can agroforest woodlots work as stepping stones for birds in the Atlantic forest region? Biodiversity and Conservation, 17, 1907–1922.

Watson, J. E., Whittaker, R. J., & Dawson, T. P. (2004). Habitat structure and proximity to forest edge affect the abundance and distribution of forestdependent birds in tropical coastal forests of southeastern Madagascar. Biological Conservation, 120, 311–327.